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Located in the plain of Jordan, six miles north of the Dead Sea. Jericho is considered one of the oldest cities in the world. However, his most important archaeological work in Palestine and perhaps what he is known for the most was his excavation of Jericho. He also did significant research on the topography of the area. In Palestine, he made many notable discoveries such as the site of Hazor. He also became the founding Director of the British Mandatory Department of Antiquities of Palestine that same year, a post he held until 1926 where he found the time to explore the country for archaeological findings. Garstang’s work helped to give an insight to the once powerful civilization and many of the artifacts that he discovered are still on display at Liverpool University (Garstang, 1929).Īfter Garstang served in the First World War with the Red Cross in France, he was appointed to be in charge of the newly founded School of Archaeology in Jerusalem (1919-1926). They were referenced in the bible as a powerful military force and are best known for having found the world’s largest chariot battle against the Egyptians after which they signed the world’s first ever peace treaty (Mark, 2011). The Hittites were the chief power and cultural force in Western Asia from 1600 to 1200 B.C. It was Garstang’s work in the area that is now modern Turkey and Syria that helped to rediscover the almost forgotten civilization of the Hittites (Sayce, 1923). The next year he selected the site of Sajke-guezi for excavation, and in the winter months he continued to explore the tombs of Abydos. Garstang then had no choice but to make a second exploratory journey through Asia Minor to find another Hittite site to excavate. However, when they arrived at Constantinople they learned that their permit was transferred to Hugo Winckler by the German emperor. In 1907 Garstang obtained a permit to excavate the Hittite capital of Boghazköy with his leadership of a British expedition. It was Sayce that first got Garstang interested in the Hittites, and in 1904 he took off to the Asia Minor for archaeological exploration. It was Garstang’s lifelong friend Archibald Henry Sayce that prompted some of his most important and prestigious work. It struck him that throughout the eventful history of the Egyptians, the one thing that remained constant in their religion was the care that they took of their dead (Garstang, 1907). He concluded that in Egyptian culture the best of the sculptures, paintings and architecture were left in the tombs for the deceased to enjoy in their afterlife. At each of these sites, Garstang was studying the burial habits of the Egyptians. Garstang continued his work in Egypt where he led expeditions at sites such as Negadeh (1902-1904), Beni Hasan (1902-1904), Heirakonpolis (1904-1905), and Esna (1905-1906). His first great discovery was the great tomb at Beyt Khallaf in 1901, and he later was provided with funds for its excavation. There he excavated sites such as Abmyeh (1900) and Beyt Dawd (1901-1902). (Gurney, 2004)Īfter obtaining a degree in mathematics, Garstang worked with Flinders Petrie in Egypt at Abydos in 1900. In 1907 he married Marie Louise, and they had one son and one daughter. While still studying mathematics as an undergraduate, he spent his vacation days excavating archaeological ruins. It was Haverfield who really encouraged Garstang to pursue archaeology. Haverfield, a leading scholar of Romano-British archaeology. It was while conducting those excavations that he was acquainted with F.J. It was those ruins that sparked Garstang’s interest in archaeology he excavated them and published his findings in 1898.
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While making visits to the observatory at Stonyhurst College, he often passed the ruins of the Roman camp located in Ribchester. In 1895 he acquired a scholarship to study mathematics at Jesus College in Oxford. However, Garstang was forced into specializing in mathematics. He attended Blackburn grammar school, where he was especially interested in astronomy and the classics.
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John was the sixth child born of the physician and his wife. John Garstang was born on May 5th, 1876 in Blackburn, Lancashire to Walter Garstang and Matilda Mary Wardley.